Can someone tell me what these extra wires are leading to the 12volt battery?

What wires are we talking about? The photo shows wires that seem to go to the ABS unit.

 

They don't look like they're connected to the 12v battery, but one looks to be piggybacked to the body ground screw. Almost looks like a tow hitch/tow lights/trailer lights flat pack wire, but could be any aftermarket electrical gizmo. Looks like it goes under the battery, so it probably exits the car through a drainage plug under the battery.

 

Could be an aftermarket rear camera or parking proximity sensor, or something like that. It isn't wired directly to the battery, those connections look stock. If you really want to know what it does, follow the wires (and hope they don't end in a dangling plug which isn't connected to anything).

Edit: wait, I missed that red wire with the yellow plastic insulator on the crimp that is attached at the tightening nut on the positive battery connector. Can't see where it is going though. Does it go to the brake capacitor box, or under it?

 

Yeah, I missed that red wire also. I also just noticed the black wire deep down that goes right next to the flat pack as it disappears under the battery. The other end of that black wire looks like it may splice to the heavy red wire, but it's hidden behind the cap bank. Can't wait to see where this ends up.

 

There does not appear to be a fuse in the red wire near where it attaches to the tightening nut. So wherever this wiring is going, if it shorts to ground the only thing preventing the car from going up in flames is the big fuse in the module on top of the positive post. I suggest the OP detach the red wire from the battery for now, and perhaps wrap it in electrical tape, just in case having that wire touch a ground would be bad for the who knows what on the other end.

 

Do you have a trailer hitch? Could this be the wiring for it?

 

I'm sitting on my hands, but gotta say: it definitely looks aftermarket, and as such. you're (OP) the best candidate for the job: you have the car, the wires. Follow them. Maybe use a multimeter in ohms or continuity mode. A test light might help.

 

The red supply voltage wire has a label with information.

I am guessing a trailer towing wire harness.