I realized my departure schedule wasn't working because my prius doesn't know what day of the week it is currently! It's a few days off. I know how to set the time in the car but how do you set the day of the week?
You don’t set the day of the week directly; the car calculates it from the date (month, day, and year), which you set using multi-information display, under ⚙ > Meter Customize > Calendar. See the Owner’s Manual (PDF), pages 186, 231, 233, and 236.